Iron Supplement Adherence, Dietary Intake, and Anemia Risk among Adolescent Girls in Madiun Regency, Indonesia

Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman; Fahmi Hafid; Mujayanto Mujayanto; Atika  Nuswantari; Ratno Ratno; Rina  Rahayuningtyas; A. E.  Prasetyawan; Yayuk  Sri Rahayu

doi:10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i3.723

Authors

Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia
Fahmi Hafid Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-3094
Mujayanto Mujayanto Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia
Atika Nuswantari Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia
Ratno Ratno Laboratory Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia
Rina Rahayuningtyas Puskesmas Simo, Dinas Kesehatan Madiun, Indonesia
A. E. Prasetyawan Puskesmas Simo, Dinas Kesehatan Madiun, Indonesia
Yayuk Sri Rahayu Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Madiun, Indonesia

Keywords:

Adolescent Girls, Anemia, Iron Supplements, Nutritional Intake, Nutritional Status

Abstract

Anemia among adolescent girls remains a significant public health concern, impairing growth, learning, productivity, and reproductive health. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between iron supplement adherence, dietary intake, nutritional status, and anemia among 105 female students aged 12–15 years in Madiun Regency, Indonesia, using a total sampling approach. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), hemoglobin levels measured by point-of-care testing, and iron supplement adherence, with anemia defined as hemoglobin <12 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia was 14.3%. While 88.6% of respondents adhered to iron supplements, non-adherence was associated with a 24.5-fold higher risk of anemia (p < 0.001). Most participants reported inadequate dietary intake, specifically in terms of energy (79.0%), protein (76.2%), zinc (62.9%), and iron (93.3%). Nutritional intake and BMI-based nutritional status showed no significant association with anemia, although non-chronic energy deficiency (non-KEK) was linked to a higher prevalence (p = 0.030). In conclusion, adherence to iron supplementation strongly protects against anemia; however, poor dietary quality remains a challenge. Therefore, strengthening supervised supplementation programs, improving school-based dietary quality, and implementing regular hemoglobin screening are recommended to reduce the risk of anemia among adolescent girls.

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