Seafood Consumption and Anemia Risk Among Pregnant Women in Indonesian Coastal Areas

Dwi Kurnia Purnama Sari

doi:10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i2.369

Authors

Dwi Kurnia Purnama Sari Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban, Indonesia

Keywords:

Anemia, Pregnant, Protein Intake, Seafood, Coastal Areas

Abstract

In coastal areas, a less diverse diet is one of the main causes of anemia in pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the correlation between marine resource consumption patterns and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in coastal areas of Indonesia in the period January 2025, focusing on food intake. This study uses a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study is pregnant women living in coastal areas, totaling 369 pregnant women; the sampling technique used in this study is Simple Random Sampling, totaling 189 respondents. Data collection was conducted using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, which was employed to identify the types and frequency of marine resource consumption over the past month, while the three-day 24-hour dietary recall was used to estimate daily nutrient intake, including iron and other relevant micronutrients. Anemia status was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels through the Cyanmethemoglobin method. In data analysis, the Spearman test will be used to identify the relationship between marine resource consumption patterns and the incidence of anemia. Based on the results of the Spearman test on pregnant women, the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.033 was obtained, which showed that there was a significant relationship between seafood consumption patterns and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in coastal areas. study found a significant relationship between seafood consumption patterns and anemia in pregnant women in coastal areas. The presence of non-heme iron and inhibitory compounds in seafood, along with low intake of red meat and liver, increases the risk of anemia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abu-Ouf NM, Jan MM. The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child’s health. Saudi Med J. 2015;36(2):146–9.

WHO. WHO fact sheet on anaemia, including definitions, symptoms, causes, treatments and WHO response. [Internet]. 2025 [dikutip 2 Juli 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia

Chouairi F, Mercier MR, Alperovich M, Clune J, Prsic A. Preoperative Deficiency Anemia in Digital Replantation: A Marker of Disparities, Increased Length of Stay, and Hospital Cost. J Hand Microsurg. 2022;14(2):147–52.

Deng Y, Steenland K, Sinharoy SS, Peel JL, Ye W, Pillarisetti A, dkk. Association of household air pollution exposure and anemia among pregnant women: Analysis of baseline data from ’Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN)’ trial. Environ Int. 2024;190(May):108815.

Ramírez MI, Arévalo-Jaramillo AP, Espinosa CI, Bailon-Moscoso N. Is the anemia in men an effect of the risk of crude oil contamination? Toxicol Rep. 2022;9(September 2021):480–6.

Guo ZH, Tian HL, Zhang XQ, Zhang DH, Wang ZM, Wang K, dkk. Effect of anemia and erythrocyte indices on hemoglobin A1c levels among pregnant women. Clin Chim Acta. 2022;534(May):1–5.

El-Kholy AA, El Kholy EA, abdulaziz Al abdulathim M, Hassan Abdou A, Ahmed Dafaalla Karar H, Abdelrhim Bushara M, dkk. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women and the impact of clinical pharmacist counseling on their awareness level: A cross sectional study. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(8):101699.

Yang J, Liu Z, Guo H, Reheman Z, Ye J, Song S, dkk. Prevalence and influencing factors of anaemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Northwestern China. Public Health. 2023;220:50–6.

Pecher AC, Bach S, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J, Abele H, Henes J, Henes M. Anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases. Joint Bone Spine. 2024;91(1).

Yanti FD, Ginting RMS, Susanti E. The Effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia, and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Pregnant Women on Low Birth Weight. J Health Nutr Res. 9 April 2024;3(1):68–73.

Ezenweke CP, Adeniyi IA, Yahya WB, Onoja RE. Determinants and spatial patterns of anaemia and haemoglobin concentration among pregnant women in Nigeria using structured additive regression models. Spat Spatio-Temporal Epidemiol. 2023;45(January):100578.

Martin LA, Arcot A, Gallagher K, Barberio M, Klatt K, Lweno O, dkk. Examining Correlations Between Plasma Volume, Hydration, and Anemia Biomarkers in Pregnant Women in Tanzania. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024;8(2024):103088.

Owusu-Poku AG, Gyamfi D, Togbe E, Opoku S, Ephraim RKD, Asibey JG, dkk. Interplay between foetal haemoglobin, micronutrients and oxidative stress biomarkers in sickle cell anaemia children. Hum Nutr Metab. 2022;30(November):200173.

Goh YE, Das R, Duggal M, Jamwal M, Manger MS, Brar GK, dkk. Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Anemia Among Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024;8(2024):102946.

Hanley-Cook G, Toe LC, Tesfamariam K, de Kok B, Argaw A, Compaoré A, dkk. Fortified Balanced Energy-Protein Supplementation, Maternal Anemia, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial among Pregnant Women in Rural Burkina Faso. J Nutr. 2022;152(10):2277–86.

Abdulsalam I. Determining factors associated with Anaemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care unit at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. Women Child Nurs. 2025;

Burayu ET, Degefa BD. Exploration of iron deficiency anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in public health facilities of southwestern Ethiopia. A mixed study. AJOG Glob Rep. 2024;4(4):100417.

Hokey E, McAuliffe FM, Walsh JM. The Experience of Anaemia and Ingesting Oral Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2024;297(March):111–9.

Fuchs A, Heiselman C, Fassler R, Korgaonkar-Cherala C, Abuzeid O, Garretto D, dkk. Early Pregnancy Serum Ferritin in the Non-Anemic Patient as a Predictor of Anemia at Delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(1):S91–2.

Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández R, Juárez-Vela R, Garcia-Erce JA, Nanwani-Nanwani K, González-Fernández S, Gea-Caballero V, dkk. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal health outcomes: A prospective study, Spain, 2021–2022. Heliyon. 2025;11(1).

Pieczyńska J, Płaczkowska S, Sozański R, Skórska K, Sołtysik M. Effect of nickel on red blood cell parameters and on serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine concentrations during pregnancy with and without anemia. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2021;68(August).

Eweis M, Farid EZ, El-Malky N, Abdel-Rasheed M, Salem S, Shawky S. Prevalence and determinants of anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;44:194–9.

Tuffahati Zalfa, Irawan AMA, Umami Z, Rahmawati LA, Yusuf AM. Relationship Between Energy, Protein, Iron, and Calcium Intake with Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Women. J Health Nutr Res. 11 Desember 2024;3(3):177–84.

Manjilala M, Idris NH, Rauf S, Sirajuddin S. Effectiveness of Interpersonal Communication in Nutrition Education on Iron Supplement Knowledge in Adolescent Girls at SMP Muhammadiyah Maros. J Health Nutr Res. 30 April 2025;4(1):358–64.

Anggraini H, Mulyani RI, Novaria AA, Virawati DI. The Effect of PENEMIA (Prevention of Anemia) Video-Based Education on Anemic Pregnant Women on Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes. J Health Nutr Res. 9 April 2024;3(1):31–8.