Journal of Indonesia Applied Nutrition (JIAN)

Correlation between Macronutrient Intake and Body Weight among Adults and Elderly Prolanis Participants

Andi Eka Yunianto — 2026-04-17

Prolanis is a chronic disease management program for seniors where the focus is on promoting and preventing chronic disease; however, currently limited research has examined the correlation between nutritional intake and body weight within elderly Prolanis participants. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific macronutrient intake therefore measuring energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fibre and body weight for older Prolanis participants. This study employed a cross-sectional research design consisting of 42 elderly Prolanis participants from the Kedaton Public Health Centre in Bandar Lampung. Nutritional intake data were recorded using 2x24-hour food recall and analysed through a nutrition analysis program. Body weight was measured using a calibrated digital scale. Data from this study were evaluated using Pearson rank correlations and multiple linear regression analyses. Statistically significant associations were found between each type of macronutrient (energy - p=0.034; r=0.328), protein - p=0.011, r=0.391), fat - p<0.001, r=0.578), and fibre - p=0.002; r=0.472) and body weight. Of all the different types of macronutrients, fat intake was statistically the most important predictor of body weight in older adults (p=0.008). There was no statistically significant correlation between carbohydrate intake and body weight (p=0.212). Thus, among Prolanis participants, the intake of all types of macronutrients - in particular, fat intake - has statistically significant associations with body weight. Therefore, the Prolanis program has an opportunity to strengthen nutrition-based education and dietary monitoring to ensure that older adults maintain optimal nutritional status.

Sedentary Lifestyle and Nutritional Status Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bogor City

Laesa Wira Liesma Djati — 2026-04-17

Nutritional problems in Indonesia remain unresolved, especially among adolescents who experience the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition, overweight, and micronutrient deficiency. Adolescents in Indonesia are increasingly adopting a sedentary lifestyle, which is characterized by prolonged screen time and low levels of daily physical activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status among adolescents at Al-Ghazaly High School in Bogor City. This observational cross-sectional study involved 50 adolescents aged 15 – 18 years selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data on subject characteristics and sedentary lifestyles were collected using the 7 Days-Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) while nutritional status was assessed based on anthropometric measurements using BMI/A z-scores. Spearman's correlation was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the subjects were categorized as having a moderate level of sedentary behavior with the highest average daily time spent on sedentary activities involving the use of computers or mobile phones for gaming, social media, and other similar activities (295 minutes/day). The majority of subjects had a normal nutritional status. Based on the correlation analysis, there was no significant relationship between sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status (p = 0.756), indicating a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.045). To promote better health, it is recommended that adolescents engage in active breaks between classes and limit excessive use of mobile phones. Future researchers should use a larger sample size and include other variables such as nutritional knowledge and family characteristics.

The Association between Lifestyle and Nutritional Status with the Incidence of Hypertension in the Kayu Manis Community Health Centre Working Area

Indriya Rahmadhona Pratiwi — 2026-04-17

Hypertension was a non-communicable disease that contributed to high mortality rates, with cases continuing to increase, including in the working area of the Kayu Manis Community Health Centre, Bogor City. This study aimed to analyze the association between lifestyle, and nutritional status with the incidence of hypertension. This study used a cross-sectional design with 76 subjects aged 30-49 years using purposive sampling techniques. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). High sodium and fat consumption habits were assessed using the FFQ questionnaire, while smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption habits were assessed through interviews using questionnaires. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements consisting of weight and height measurements. Data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS 26 for Windows. The statistical test used is the Spearman test. The results showed a significant association between physical activity (p=0.002), sodium consumption (p=0.002), fat consumption (p=0.004), and nutritional status (p=0.003) with the incidence of hypertension. Conversely, no significant association was found in the frequency of alcohol and coffee consumption, and duration of smoking. The implications of these findings required lifestyle modification interventions.

Optimization of the Sensory and Nutritional Properties of Sago-Based Wet Noodles Fortified with Red Fruit Oil

Churni Lesse — 2026-04-17

Wet noodles are widely consumed food products in Indonesia; however, they are generally made from wheat flour, increasing dependence on imported raw materials. The utilization of sago (Metroxylon sp.) as a local carbohydrate source offers potential as a wheat flour substitute. Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) contains carotenoids and tocopherols that function as natural colorants and antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the organoleptic properties and nutrient content of wet noodles substituted with sago and supplemented with red fruit oil. The study evaluated three formulations based on the proportion of sago and wheat flour: Formula 1 (60% sago : 40% wheat flour), Formula 2 (70% sago : 30% wheat flour), and Formula 3 (80% sago : 20% wheat flour). The research was conducted from July 30 to August 1, 2025, for organoleptic testing at the Food and Nutrition Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Jayapura, involving 20 semi-trained panelists aged 18–25 years. Nutrient analysis (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) was carried out at the BPOM Laboratory of Jayapura from August 21 to September 4, 2025. Protein was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, fat using the gravimetric method, and carbohydrates using the titrimetric method. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and graphs. The results showed that Formula 1 (60% sago:40% wheat flour) was the most preferred in terms of color, aroma, taste, and texture. The nutrient content of Formula 1 consisted of 42.34% carbohydrates, 0.28% fat, and 6.5% protein. Although the protein content did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI ≥9%), the product showed potential as a low-fat, carbohydrate-based local food alternative.

Eating Habits, Stress Levels, and Food Coping Strategies Associated with the Nutritional Status of Migrant University Students from Kuningan in Jakarta

Anggun Apriani — 2026-04-17

Nutritional status reflects the body’s condition and is influenced by daily dietary habits. Adequate and balanced nutrient intake in accordance with body requirements supports good nutritional status. Several factors, including eating habits, stress levels, and food coping strategies, may affect nutritional outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association of these factors with the nutritional status of migrant university students from Kuningan living in Jakarta. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. The study involved 72 migrant university students selected through snowball sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews, including the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess eating habits, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to measure stress levels, and the Coping Strategy Index (CSI) to evaluate food coping strategies. Nutritional status was determined using anthropometric measurements of body weight and height to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize participant characteristics, followed by inferential analysis using the Chi-square test to examine associations between independent variables and nutritional status. Descriptive analysis showed that most students had normal nutritional status, moderate stress levels, and predominantly low food coping strategies. The Chi-square test indicated a significant association between eating habits and undernutrition (p < 0.001), while stress levels (p = 0.317) and food coping strategies (p = 0.704) were not significantly associated with undernutrition. Among migrant university students from Kuningan in Jakarta, eating habits are the primary factor influencing nutritional status. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, such as nutrition education and promotion of balanced meals, to improve dietary behaviors. Universities should support students in adopting healthier eating patterns, especially those living away from home, to maintain optimal nutritional status and enhance academic performance and well-being.

Determinants of Obesity among University Students at UIN Alauddin Makassar

Dwi Santy Damayati — 2026-04-17

Obesity remains a public health and nutritional problem in Indonesia. University students are a vulnerable group prone to unhealthy lifestyles that may increase the risk of obesity. Lifestyle factors associated with obesity among students include sleep duration, risky dietary patterns, and physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the association between sleep duration, risky dietary patterns, and physical activity with obesity among students at Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among all active students registered in the university database (n = 20,805). A total of 378 participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were performed to determine obesity status. Data were collected using questionnaires on respondent characteristics, risky food consumption, dietary patterns, physical activity, and sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hypothesis testing was conducted using the chi-square test and Spearman correlation with a significance level of α = The results showed that the prevalence of obesity among respondents was 18.0%. The majority of respondents (88.4%) had a sleep duration of less than 8 hours. There was a significant association between sleep duration and obesity incidence (p < 0.05; r = -0.192), although the correlation was weak. In addition, risky dietary patterns were also significantly associated with obesity (p < 0.05; r = 0.131), with a very weak correlation. In contrast, no significant association was found between physical activity and obesity (p = 0.743). Improving determinant factors associated with obesity among students may serve as an alternative approach for implementing healthy lifestyle interventions in the university setting.

Development of an Iron-Enriched Ekado as a Potential Food-Based Strategy for Anemia Prevention among Adolescent Girls

Annisa Rizkiriani — 2026-04-17

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major nutritional concern among adolescents, with a disproportionately higher prevalence in adolescent girls. Developing iron dense food products that are both nutritionally valuable and organoleptically acceptable represents a practical food based strategy to address this issue. This study aimed to formulate an ekado product incorporating chicken meat, chicken liver, and tofu as sources of iron and protein, and to evaluate its sensory acceptability and nutrient composition. A Completely Randomized Design was applied with three formulation variants F1 (43% chicken meat, 35% chicken liver, 22% tofu), F2 (50% chicken meat, 17% chicken liver, 33% tofu), and F3 (33% chicken meat, 17% chicken liver, 50% tofu). Sensory evaluation was conducted by 31 semi-trained panelists using a hedonic scale to assess color, texture, taste, and aroma. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney post hoc test. The findings indicated that formulation F2 achieved significantly higher scores for color, texture, and taste (p < 0.05), while also obtaining the highest mean score for aroma, although the difference was not statistically significant. Nutrient analysis per serving (84 g) of F2 revealed an energy content of 408 kcal, 14.8 g protein, 35 g fat, 10 g carbohydrates, and 4.1 mg iron. This iron content contributes approximately 27.3% of the recommended daily iron intake for adolescent girls Based on these results, F2 was identified as the optimal formulation and demonstrates potential as a food based alternative to support adequate daily iron intake among adolescent girls.

Formulation of Peanut and Red Palm Oil Spread as a Source of Beta-Carotene for Pregnant Women

Arwa Gemala — 2026-04-17

Vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women can cause problems in fetal development. The use of red palm oil, which is high in beta-carotene, can be used as a way to overcome vitamin A deficiency. This study aims to formulate peanut and red palm oil-based spread as a healthy food source of beta-carotene. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment levels of regular palm oil and red palm oil, namely F0 (100:0), F1 (50:50), and F2 (25:75) with 2 replications and duplo. Based on the analysis of physical characteristics, organoleptic properties, and nutritional content, the selected formula was F1). The organoleptic test used college students and pregnant women as panelists. One serving (20 g) contains 97 kcal of energy; 4.9 g of protein; 4.4 g of fat; and 9.4 g of carbohydrates, which meets 19.0% of the energy, 32.5% of the protein; 26.3% of the fat; and 13.6% of the carbohydrate requirements for pregnant women. The beta-carotene content of the selected F1 formulation is 359.15 mg/100 g, which is equivalent to 14.9 times that of carrots and 78.9 times that of tomatoes. The selected peanut butter formula meets the nutritional claim of being a protein source and contains beta carotene higher than carrots.

Dietary Compliance Associated with Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients

Annisa Latief — 2026-04-17

Hypertension, a non-communicable disease (NCD), is one of the most serious health issues today and is a major cause of stroke incidents, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Factors influencing hypertension include knowledge, dietary compliance, and eating patterns. The study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, dietary compliance, and family support with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The study utilized an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was determined by Slovin formula as many as consisted of 67 hypertensive patients selected using accidental sampling. Data were processed using the chi-square test. The measurement of variable using structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis revealed the majority nutritional status as normal (58.1%) and overweight (26.9%), the age category 56-65 years old as many as 43.3%, low level of knowledge (28.4%), low dietary compliance (41.8%), and low family support (25.4%). The measurement blood pressure indicated 56.7% of the subject have controlled blood pressure. The research finding revealed that hypertensive patients with knowledge level at good category in 20 (41.7%) and low level of knowledge in 9 (47.3%). Dietary compliance was categorized as compliant in 28 (58.2%) with normal blood pressure and 11 (16.4%) with hypertension, while family support was good 26 (52.0%) with normal blood pressure and 24 (48.0%) with hypertension. The results showed a significant association was found between dietary compliance and blood pressure (p=0.003), but there were not significant assocation between knowledge and family support with blood pressure (p=0.671 and p=0.181), respectively. The study indicated that association between dietary compliance and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Lifestyle modification strategies should be promoted to maintain long-term dietary compliance among hypertension patients.

Bun Cheese Sausage: Protein Source Snack Made From Mackerel And Bogor Taro Flour Substitution

Ani Nuraeni — 2026-04-17

Teenagers, especially school children, are very vulnerable to various nutritional problems caused by unhealthy diets. Moreover, eating patterns in teenagers are very easily influenced by the surrounding environment. As we know, it is currently easy to find snacks that are high in sodium, high in sugar, and high in saturated fat, which can have bad consequences for the health of children and teenagers in the future. For this reason, it is necessary to develop nutritious food products that favor local food ingredients. Mackerel provides essential nutrients and is a source of high protein with lower saturated fat content compared to other animal protein sources. This research aims to develop sausage from mackerel with talas flour as an added value of local food. Mackerel sausage with taro flour is made by mixing mackerel with various ingredients such as taro flour, tapioca flour, egg white, garlic, then steamed until cooked. The results showed that mackerel sausage has a soft texture and savory taste that is liked by various groups, especially children and teenagers. Processing mackerel into sausage can also increase the consumption of this food and encourage a healthy diet. Mackerel sausage is one of the food product developments that should be further developed to support a healthy diet, especially in children and teenagers.