Journal of Health and Nutrition Research

Association Between Household Income and Fruit-Vegetable Expenditure and the Intake of Vitamins and Minerals in Pontianak City

2025-06-07T02:40:47+00:00

This study explores the association between household income, fruit and vegetable expenditure, and the intake of selected micronutrients among urban households in Pontianak City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 households, collecting dietary data on calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins A, B, and C using a 24-hour recall method. Socioeconomic data included monthly income and expenditure on fruits and vegetables. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests assessed the strength and direction of bivariate relationships, while multiple linear regression evaluated the combined effects of income and food expenditure on nutrient intake. Results showed that average household income was Rp 4,382,730, with a mean fruit and vegetable expenditure of Rp 294,880. Vitamin C intake exhibited a very strong and statistically significant correlation with income (Pearson r = 0.998; p < 0.001), and regression analysis confirmed income as a significant predictor (p < 0.001; R² = 0.996). Calcium intake was significantly associated with fruit and vegetable expenditure (p < 0.001; R² = 0.999), indicating that food purchasing behavior may more strongly influence calcium consumption. No significant associations were found between income or expenditure and the intake of vitamin A, vitamin B, iron, or phosphorus. These findings suggest that economic factors selectively influence micronutrient intake, where income plays a critical role in access to vitamin C-rich foods, while expenditure patterns relate more closely to calcium sources. Nutritional interventions in urban areas should consider both economic capability and consumption behavior to effectively address micronutrient deficiencies.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its Effect on Self-Efficacy among Adolescent Bullying Victims (12–16 Years Old) at MTs Darul Azhar

2025-04-25T08:06:28+00:00

Bullying constitutes a detrimental experience for victims, frequently leading to diminished self-efficacy. Group Counseling incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention to enhance self-efficacy in individuals affected by bullying. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Group Counseling utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the improvement of self-efficacy among victims of bullying. A pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study sample consisted of 20 participants identified as bullying victims who exhibited low initial levels of self-efficacy. Measurement instruments included the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) bullying questionnaire and a validated Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, administered before and after the intervention. Participants underwent Group Counseling sessions based on CBT principles. Pre-intervention assessment revealed that all 20 participants (100%) reported low levels of self-efficacy. Following the completion of the Group CBT intervention, a significant shift was observed, with 18 participants (90%) demonstrating moderate levels of self-efficacy. A paired t-test analysis confirmed a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy scores post-intervention (p < 0.001). The findings indicate that Group Counseling integrated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy significantly enhances self-efficacy among individuals who have experienced bullying

Effectiveness Of Structured Spiritual Care Models in Improving Psychological and Physiological Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: A Systematic Review

2025-04-23T02:07:03+00:00

Despite their critical role in patient well-being, spiritual needs are often overlooked in intensive care settings. Addressing these needs through structured interventions may improve patients' psychological and physiological outcomes in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate various spiritual care models implemented in ICU settings and their impact on patient outcomes. A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals, Cambridge Core, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest) for studies published up to 2023. Eligible studies met the following criteria: (i) experimental design, (ii) spiritual care interventions, and (iii) ICU implementation. The screening process was conducted in two phases: title and abstract screening, followed by full-text assessment, with methodological quality evaluation. A total of 6,975 articles were identified, and 11 studies involving 842 participants met the inclusion criteria. Three distinct spiritual care models were identified: Chaplain-led picture-guided spiritual care, HeartTouch Technique, and Islamic-based spiritual care. Chaplain-led picture-guided spiritual care was particularly effective in reducing anxiety, while Islamic-based spiritual care, particularly Quran recitation, demonstrated significant benefits in reducing stress and promoting emotional well-being. These interventions demonstrated significant benefits, including reductions in stress and anxiety (reported in 4/11 studies), improvements in well-being (3/11 studies), and decreased feelings of isolation (2/11 studies). No significant adverse effects were reported. Spiritual care interventions in ICU settings provide psychological and emotional benefits for patients, reducing anxiety, stress, and isolation.

Knowledge and Attitudes toward Sexual Abuse are Positively Correlated with Parents' Self-Efficacy in Preventing Child Sexual Abuse

2025-04-21T10:49:01+00:00

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a public health problem that requires serious attention from all parties, including parents, as the frontline in protecting children. This study aims to analyze the correlation between parents' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in preventing child sexual abuse in Sambas Regency. The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional design on parents (n=30), selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results showed that 56.7% of respondents had good knowledge and 53.3% had a positive attitude, but 53.3% still had low self-efficacy in preventing child sexual abuse. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.518, p=0.003), knowledge and self-efficacy (r=0.587, p=0.001), and attitude and self-efficacy (r=0.378, p=0.039). These findings indicate that higher parental knowledge correlates with more positive attitudes and greater self-efficacy in preventing child sexual abuse. This study suggests developing a comprehensive intervention program that simultaneously focuses on strengthening these three aspects, with a culturally sensitive approach to overcome communication barriers about sexuality.

Utilizing TikTok Animation for Nutrition Education: A Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy Study among Mothers Underweight of Toddlers

2025-04-21T09:44:20+00:00

Underweight is a condition of body weight based on the toddler's age (BW/A) with a Z-score value <2SD. This study aims to develop TikTok animated videos to help toddlers overcome being underweight. The type of research uses Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, including Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. However, this study is only up to the development stage. Video validation involved three experts, namely material, language, and media experts, with an average result of 80.3 (feasible category, minor revision). Furthermore, trials were carried out on prospective users (n=10) selected by purposive sampling. The results of the product assessment by prospective users were 91.08 (very feasible category, no need to revise). The impact of using the video was measured by a knowledge questionnaire (reliability = 0.743). The results of the knowledge score based on the pretest and posttest on mothers of toddlers obtained an average N-Gain score of 0.84 with a high category. Developing the TikTok animated video product is feasible based on the results of the analysis. It can be applied as educational media to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers and overcome the problem of underweight toddlers.